The History of Taxes, Chapter 3: Taxation and The Rosetta Stone
W. Marc Gilfillan, CPA, NC, individual and business CPA and Tax expert, shares about the history of taxes…
The Rosetta Stone, discovered by Napoleon, was possibly the most helpful Egyptian archaeological find to date. The Stone had the same text in three different languages: hieroglyphics, demotic (known as Egyptian script) and Greek. Using the Greek translation, we figured out how to decipher the demotic and then the hieroglyphs. But the question is sustained: Egyptians had a form of paper, named papyrus, so why was the writing carved into stone? Also, why three languages? And why Greek?
The Stone has been around since 3000 B.C. The Rosetta Stone was carved around 200 B.C. while Ptolemy V was in power (an emperor of Greek descent). So what happened to the Pharaohs? At this point in history, Egypt was taken over in 700 B.C. by the Assyrians, after that the Persians, and eventually the Greeks in 330 B.C. After an existence of 2000+ years, Egypt was in decline.
The Ptolemy dynasty were by and large decent rulers, but in 200BC, when the Rosetta Stone was created, Egypt had recently concluded a 10-year long civil war. The civil war broke out because of excessive and oppressive taxes strengthened by tough Greek tax collectors. As the war ended there was still much unrest. Ptolemy V put into a effect a Proclamation of Peace which gave forgiveness for any rebel and tax debtors, lowered taxation practices, ceased forced draft into the navy, and reinstated tax exemption to the priests, temples, and their crops and lands, as it had been in the reign of the great pharaohs. If you are feeling the pressure with today’s taxes, call a Raleigh NC CPA for all your tax-related needs!
This turned out to be a great edge and monetary ease for the priests and temples and they wanted to be certain first all people knew it and, second, did not desire it to be thrown away again at some time in the future.
As a result, “Rosetta Stones” were etched and put in front of each temple throughout Egypt. The Rosetta stones acted as warnings to all that tax exemption had been granted to the priests and this temple and acted as a “Do Not Enter” proclamation to curtail the lawlessness of the king’s tax collectors. Go here if you want help with modern-day Tax Preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll in Raleigh NC.
This still leaves the question: why carved into stone? The answer is because the priests desired to make sure it would not disappear or able to be easily disposed. Another question was why write it in three languages? The Stone was written in 3 languages because everyone could see and heed the message the priesthood wanted to spread to all people of Egypt. It was written in Greek to be especially clear to the king’s tax collectors that they couldn’t even come in the temple gates.
As a result of the most important Egyptian archaeological discovery ever, the stone translated the mysterious language of the Egyptians, made us capable of discovering the secrets of hieroglyphic writing and subsequently the secret to unlocking the history and the understanding of the Egyptian way of life for 3000 years was, in truth, a tax document.
Keep an eye out for W. Marc Gilfillan’s next chapter in his History of Taxes series: Taxes and The Colussus of Rhodes.
http://www.marccpa.com/